内容简介
本书是法国哲学家阿尔都塞的重要遗稿之一。书稿仿照列宁《怎么办？》为题，写于1978年，属于阿尔都塞“自我批评”工作的巅峰时期。作者以其深厚的马克思主义理论素养，认真反思了1968年运动之后“欧洲共产主义”和民众反资本主义斗争的历史命运与革命前景，重新提出和思考了一系列具有战略意义的马克思主义政治理论问题。尤其重要的是，阿尔都塞的思考始终以葛兰西为对话者，对葛兰西的一系列理论概念做出了精彩而又深刻的解析和批评。鉴于当代人文社会科学理论中普遍出现的“葛兰西复兴”，鉴于葛兰西和阿尔都塞经常被视为西方马克思主义理论中富于活力的同一传统，这种批评就具有很高的理论价值。而对马基雅维利政治学的引人入胜的革命性解读构成这一对话和反思的学理背景，体现出阿尔都塞阅读方法的独特魅力。
作者简介
路易•阿尔都塞（1918—1990），法国哲学家，20世纪60年代以来最重要的马克思主义思想家，对当代众多人文社会科学领域的知识变革影响深远。长期执教于巴黎高等师范学校，福柯、德里达、朗西埃、巴利巴尔、米勒和巴迪乌等人都曾是他的学生。生前出版有《孟德斯鸠：政治与历史》《保卫马克思》《阅读〈资本论〉》《列宁和哲学》《立场》等十一部著作，以及《意识形态和意识形态国家机器（研究笔记）》等重要论文。去世后陆续整理出版的遗著已有《来日方长》《哲学与政治文集》《论再生产》《马基雅维利的孤独》《在哲学中成为马克思主义者》等近二十种。
Content introduction
This book is one of the important posthumous manuscripts of the French philosopher Althusser. The manuscript is modelled on Lenin's What to Do? The title, written in 1978, was at the height of Althusser's "self-critical" work. With his profound Marxist theoretical accomplishment, the author seriously reflects on the historical destiny and revolutionary prospect of "European Communism" and popular anti-capitalist struggle after the 1968 movement, and re-proposes and thinks a series of strategic Marxist political theories. Especially important is that Althusser's thinking always takes Gramsci as an interlocutor, and makes a wonderful and profound analysis and criticism of a series of Gramsci's theoretical concepts. In view of the "Gramsci revival" prevailing in contemporary theories of the humanities and social sciences, and in view of the fact that Gramsci and Althusser are often regarded as the same vibrant tradition in Western Marxist theory, this criticism is of great theoretical value. The fascinating revolutionary interpretation of Machiavelli's politics forms the scientific background for this dialogue and reflection, reflecting the unique charm of Althusser's approach to reading.
About the author
Louis Althusser (1918-1990) was a French philosopher and the most important Marxist thinker since the 1960s, who had a profound influence on the intellectual transformation of many contemporary fields of humanities and social sciences. He taught for a long time at the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris, where Foucault, Derrida, Rancier, Balibar, Miller and Badiou were among his students. During his lifetime, he published eleven works, including Montesquieu: Politics and History, Defending Marx, Reading Capital, Lenin and Philosophy, and Stand, as well as important papers such as Ideology and the Ideological State Machine (Research Notes). After his death, he published nearly 20 books, including "The Days to Come," "Philosophical and Political Essays," "On Reproduction," "Machiavelli's Solitude," and "Becoming a Marxist in Philosophy."
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