《理性之蚀》内容简介
“工具理性”概念由《理性之蚀》奠基，该书对启蒙时代以来的理性的批判奠定了整个法兰克福学派的理论基调。霍克海默仔细梳理了“理性”概念及其表征内容在西方文化史中的流变。他认为理性分为两种，即“主观理性”与“客观理性”。主观理性的特征是为达目的不择手段，也即《启蒙辩证法》中提出的“工具理性”。客观理性关注的是目的自身。比如，“至善”的概念可以发展成包容万有的体系，用来衡量个人和群体的思想和行为是否合理。
主观理性与客观理性在古希腊时期是和谐共存的；在文艺复兴时期，后者逐步式微；19世纪以来，主观理性压倒客观理性，谋求掌控一切成为人们的行动指针；由此，客观理性被彻底侵蚀，成为遗迹或口号。
作者简介
马克斯·霍克海默（1895-1973），著名德国哲学家，“法兰克福学派”的领军人物。1922年获得法兰克福大学博士学位。1930年，被任命为法兰克福大学新成立的社会研究所所长。他的《启蒙辩证法》《理性之蚀》等著作既深刻影响了阿多诺等同时代人，也对批判理论的继承者（哈贝马斯、霍耐特、福斯特、罗萨、耶基等人）产生了持久的影响。
A brief introduction to the Eclipse of Reason
The concept of "instrumental reason" is based on the Eclipse of Reason, which has set the theoretical tone of the whole Frankfurt school by criticizing reason since the Age of Enlightenment. Horkheimer carefully combs the evolution of the concept of "rationality" and its representational content in the history of Western culture. He believes that there are two kinds of reason, namely "subjective reason" and "objective reason". Subjective reason is characterized by the means to achieve the end, that is, "instrumental reason" proposed in the Dialectics of Enlightenment. Objective reason is concerned with the end itself. For example, the concept of the "supreme good" can be developed into an all-inclusive system for measuring whether the thoughts and actions of individuals and groups are reasonable.
Subjective reason and objective reason coexisted harmoniously in ancient Greece; During the Renaissance, the latter gradually declined; Since the 19th century, subjective reason has been overriding objective reason, and seeking to control everything has become the action guideline of people. Thus objective reason is completely eroded and becomes a relic or slogan.
About the author
Max Horkheimer (1895-1973) was a German philosopher and a leader of the Frankfurt School. He received his doctorate from the University of Frankfurt in 1922. In 1930 he was appointed director of the newly established Institute for Social Research at the University of Frankfurt. His works such as Dialectics of Enlightenment and The Eclipse of Reason profoundly influenced Adorno and his contemporaries as well as the successors of critical theory (Habermas, Hornett, Forster, Rosa, Jaekey, etc.).
热门标签
书单推荐