作品简介

　　《方丈记》与《徒然草》因题材相近，内容幽玄静美、笔致清雅简洁，故合称日本古典随笔双璧，代表了日本近古散文创作的最高成就。作为流传千古的名作，《方丈记》、《徒然草》对日本的文学、历史、思想等各方面都产生了极为深远的影响。之所以如此，主因在于其贯穿始终的无常、隐逸思想，与大和民族纤细感性的内心世界高度契合，故而能引发日本人民长久的共鸣，并视之为万代不易的文化瑰宝。

　　《方丈记》即是鸭长明隐匿日野山时，回忆生平际遇、叙述天地巨变、感慨人世无常的随笔集。其成书于1212年，被誉为日本隐士文学之“白眉”（最高峰）！全书共十三节，以简洁严整的和汉混合文体写成，笔意生动而富有感情。前半部分从感慨世事多艰、人生虚幻出发，通过作者的耳闻目睹，生动写实地描述了平安末期悲惨的“五大灾厄”，借社会的苦难揭示出人世无常、生存不易的道理。后半部分笔锋一转，由社会现实转向了隐居生活和内心世界。先是自叙身世，接着书写隐遁大原山，后又迁移日野山筑庵，以清雅的笔墨，记述了方丈之庵中闲寂的生活，同时表达自己内心的矛盾与烦恼。到最后直率地坦露心扉，为能否安于清贫而自我深省。全书措辞佳美、浑然天成，结构巧妙、格调高逸，奠定了鸭长明“日本中世隐士文学鼻祖”的崇高地位。

　　“徒然”一词，在日语中意为无聊、寂寞；“草”指草子，指用假名写就、具有日本民族特色的随笔、日记或民间故事等。《徒然草》的书名便是仿古书体例，摘取首句的头两字而得。全书由序段与243段互不相连、长短不一的随性文字组成，与《方丈记》相比，内容更为驳杂深广。包括了自然观、艺术观、人生观、无常观、处世警语、经验感悟、掌故考据、奇闻逸事等等，全都是兼好兴之所至、有感即发而写下的随想、批判、评论，颇似今时流行之微博。虽说是即兴创作、信手拈来，但精练坦荡，字字都凝结了作者的智慧结晶和深刻见解，短则三言两语、长则细描详绘，将儒、道、佛理寓于简单通俗中，而行文又能将汉文日语融冶一炉，真实、风趣、质朴，汰尽浮夸虚妄，闪烁着古老辩证法思想的光芒，将他人生的经验、体会、彻悟尽都囊括其中。虽没有引人入胜的情节，却是以沧桑之心发禅悟之语，静谧而超脱，于不拘一格间尽显灵韵，使人读后留下无穷的怀想和思索。其思想层面的深邃广阔、文笔的生动超妙、意境的悠然闲雅，不但予人以优美的艺术享受，更发人深省、启迪智慧。

　　《方丈记》的作者鸭长明，生于平安时代末期的1155年，是古日本著名的歌人、歌论家、随笔作家，同时也是一位琵琶名手。《徒然草》的作者吉田兼好（1283～1350），是日本南北朝时期的著名歌人、隐士、随笔作家。

Introduction of works

Because of the similar subject matter, quiet and beautiful content, elegant and simple style, the two works are called the two pieces of Japanese classical essay, representing the highest achievement of Japanese modern and ancient prose creation. As famous works that have been passed down through the ages, The Abbot's Record and the Vain Grass have exerted a profound influence on Japanese literature, history, ideology and other aspects. The reason for this is mainly because of its impermanence and recluse thought throughout, which is highly consistent with the delicate and perceptual inner world of Yamato nation, so it can trigger long-term resonance of the Japanese people, and regard it as a cultural treasure that is not easy for generations.

"Abbot's record" is a collection of essays about Duck Changming's hidden day wild mountain, recalling his life experiences, narrating the great changes in heaven and earth, and feeling the impermanence of the world. It was written in 1212 and is known as the "white brow" (peak) of Japanese hermit literature! The book consists of thirteen sections, written in a concise and concise style mixed with the Han Dynasty, and the brushwork is vivid and full of emotion. The first part starts from the feeling of the difficult world and the illusory life, through the author's hearing and witnessing, vividly and realistically describes the tragic "five disasters" in the end of the peace, and reveals the truth that the world is impermanent and survival is not easy through the suffering of the society. In the second half, I turn from social reality to seclusion and the inner world. First self-narrating, then writing the reclusive Dayuan Mountain, and then moving to Mount Hino to build an nunnery, with elegant ink, describes the abbot's nunnery in the quiet life, while expressing his inner contradictions and troubles. In the end, frankly open up your heart, and deeply examine yourself for whether you can live in poverty. The book's wording is beautiful, natural, ingenious structure, and elegant style, which has laid the lofty status of Duck Changming as "the ancestor of Japanese recluse literature in the middle age".

The word "furen" means boredom and loneliness in Japanese; "Grass" refers to grass, refers to pseudonyms, with Japanese national characteristics of the essay, diary or folk stories. The title of "Grass in Vain" is derived from the first two words of the first sentence, which is copied from the style of ancient books. The book is composed of prologue and 243 unconnected and random texts of different lengths. Compared with the book, the content is more complex and profound. Including the natural view, art view, outlook on life, impermanence view, life warning, experience perception, anecdotes, anecdotes and so on, are all good fun, feeling and write down the casual thoughts, criticism, comment, much like the popular micro-blog. Although it is improvised and easy to write, but concise and frank, the words are condensed the author's wisdom and profound insights, short or a few words, long or detailed painting, the Confucian, Taoist, Buddhist principles in simple and popular, and the writing can be Chinese and Japanese fusion, true, interesting, simple, eliminate the pompous and false, flashing the light of ancient dialectic thought. His life experience, understanding, thorough understanding are included in it. Although there is no fascinating plot, it is the heart of the vicissitudes of life to send the language of Zen enlightenment, quiet and detached, in the eclectic between all apparent rhyme, so that people leave endless nostalgia and thinking after reading. The depth and breadth of its thought, the vividness of its writing and the ease and elegance of its artistic conception not only give people a beautiful artistic enjoyment, but also set them thinking and enlightening wisdom.

The author of Abbot Ji was born in 1155 at the end of Heian Period. He was a famous singer, song theorist and essayist in ancient Japan. He was also a famous pipa player. Kanyo Yoshida (1283 ~ 1350), the author of Futile Grass, was a famous singer, hermit and essayist in the Southern and Northern Dynasties of Japan.